Assessment of Pharmaceutical Waste and Its Environmental Impact: Strategies for Sustainable Drug Disposal
Keywords:
Pharmaceutical Waste, Environmental Impact, Green Chemistry, Drug Disposal, Wastewater Contamination, Antibiotic Residues, Soil Pollution, Water Pollution, Sustainable Management, Bioaccumulation, Biomedical Waste, Eco-Toxicology, Environmental Sustainability, Take-Back Programs, Emerging ContaminantsAbstract
The improper disposal of unused, expired, and unregulated pharmaceutical waste has become a growing environmental concern. Between 2011 and 2017, global studies highlighted the accumulation of pharmaceutical residues—particularly antibiotics, analgesics, and endocrine disruptors—in soil and aquatic systems. These pollutants interfere with microbial balance, aquatic life, and even human health through bioaccumulation and water contamination.


