Comprehensive Review of the Status of Women in Ancient Indian Literature

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the status of women as depicted in ancient Indian literature, focusing on key texts from epic, classical, and philosophical traditions. By examining the representation of women in the Mahabharata, Ramayana, classical Sanskrit dramas, and philosophical and devotional texts, this study aims to uncover the complexities of gender roles and societal expectations in ancient Indian society. The paper employs feminist and postcolonial theoretical frameworks to analyze these texts, revealing how ancient Indian literature both reflects and shapes gender norms. By comparing these portrayals with those in Greek, Roman, Chinese, and Mesopotamian literatures, the study highlights both unique and shared aspects of gender representation across cultures. The paper further argues that ancient Indian literature presents a complex picture of women's status, characterized by both reinforcement and subversion of contemporary gender norms. These literary depictions not only reflect historical attitudes but also influence modern understandings of gender and identity. The study underscores the need for continued exploration of gender dynamics in ancient texts to better understand their impact on contemporary views and practices.